In addition to the work, I've already done on this, I've now completed the research on navigational aids used by the Luftwaffe during WWII. At this stage, I'm looking at the primary navigation systems, as there were a lot of prototype and trial systems. However, five major, multi-site installations were made, which are
Knickebein,
X,
Y,
Bernhard and
Erika. I am fully aware that not all of these system apply to our area, and that some were in far-off locations well off the English Channel maps. However, I wish to ensure that I have not overlooked anything and I am also allowing for contingency for future expansion (if that ever becomes an option). Additionally, I am also aware that these systems did not necessarily exist in 1940. Again, I am being comprehensive and I am allowing for the possibility of other years. Only some of them will be recommended for implementation, and I will outline the reasons for/against below.
The following is the list of known stations of the different systems. I have tried to include general areas to give everyone and idea of where these places are. Although the list looks very long, in reality there will only be 4-5 included in any given area. What I plan to do is to make a "mission add-in" (not sure if that is the correct terminology for it), which will allow mission builders to include the "standard set" for a given area. You can then edit them down.
These systems are for bombing. In other words, they allow cross-referencing to determine when you are over a target position. These are not airfield navigation (that's later... see below).
Knickebein
This is the modified version of the Lorenz system and was used to cross-reference locations. This is the primary system that we need to implement for the Battle-of-Britain (these the transmitters that correspond to the systems implement in the aircraft).
http://www.geocities.ws/pentagon/283...nickebein.html
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knickebein_%28Funkfeuer%29
http://www.geschichtsspuren.de/index...sk=1&Itemid=63
K01 - Klepp (just south of Stavanger), Norway
K02 - Bredstedt (Stollberg), Germany
K03 - Huisduinen/Julianadorp, Netherlands
K04 - Kleve (Klever Berg), Germany
K05 - Bergen op Zoom, Netherlands
K06 - Mont Violette (Pas-de-Calais), France
K07 - Greny (Haute-Normandie), France
K08 - Mont Pinçon (Normandie), France
K09 - Beaumont- Hague (Normandie), France
K10 - Sortosville-en-Beaumont (Normandie), France
K11 - St-Fiacre (Bretagne), France
K12 - 8 km east of Lörrach, Germany
K13 - Noto (Sicily), Italy
X-Gerät
This is an improved version, using a triple signal to determine bomb dropping time, using three preparatory cross signals.
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-Verfahren
http://www.geschichtsspuren.de/index...sk=1&Itemid=63
X1 - "Donau" Julianadorp bei Den Helder, Netherlands
X2 - "Rhein" 62250 Audembert bei Cap Griz Nez, France
X3 - "Oder" 62250 Audembert bei Cap Griz Nez, France
X4 - "Elbe" 62250 Audembert bei Cap Griz Nez, France
X5 - "Weser" Bucht von Ecalgrain am Cap de la Hague, France
X6 - "Spree" Bucht von Ecalgrain am Cap de la Hague, France
X7 - "Isar" Bucht von Ecalgrain am Cap de la Hague, France
Y-Gerät
This is a single-beam system developed in 1941. Although the mechanism for this is not modelled directly in IL2:Cliffs-of-Dover, they could still be used as additional transmitter sites. However, I would suggest that they are not implemented at this stage.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y-Ger%C3%A4t
http://www.geschichtsspuren.de/index...sk=1&Itemid=63
Y1 - 4021 Ullandhaug, Norway
Y2 - "Berta", 59670 Cassel, France
Y3 - "Cicero", 76450 Veulettes-sur-Mer, France
Y4 - "Dora", 76450 Saint-Martin-aux-Buneaux, France
Y6 - "Gustav", 62132 Boursin, France
Y7 - "Anton", 50440 Jobourg, France
Y8 - "Friedrich", La Feuille (SSW Morlaix), France
Y9 - 76390 Aumale, France
Bernhard-System
Likewise, this system uses a nulling principle to allow the navigator to determine the position based on this and the time between the peak reception. This allowed determination of location. This mechanism was first introduced in 1941 and is not in IL2:Cliffs-of-Dover. Like the Y-Gerät, I would suggest that these stations are not implemented at this stage.
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernhard_%28Funkfeuer%29
http://www.nonstopsystems.com/radio/...ell-statns.htm
http://www.geschichtsspuren.de/index...sk=1&Itemid=63
Be-0 Glau/Trebbin
Be-1 (unknown)
Be-2 Mt.-St.-Michel-de-Braspart
Be-3 Mt.-Michel-Mt.-Mercure/Pouzauges (?)
Be-4 Le-Bois-Julien
Be-5 Favières (?)
Be-6 Marlemont
Be-7 La Pernelle
Be-8 Schoorl/Bergen
Be-9 Bredstedt
Be-10 Hundborg/Thisted
Be-11 Trzebnica/Trebnitz
Be-12 Nevid/Plzen
Be-13 Venusberg/Aidlingen (?)
Be-14 Arcachon/Teste-de-Buch (-1944)
Be-14 Buke (1945)
Be-15 Szymbark/Bytów
Be-16 Sonnenberg/Hornstein
Erika-System
This is a hyperbolic navigation system developed in 1941. Like the Bernhard system, the mechanism for it is not in IL2:Cliffs-of-Dover. Of course, I would similarly suggest that these stations are not implemented at this stage.
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erika_%28Funkfeuer%29
http://www.geschichtsspuren.de/index.php?typ=13
Erika 1 - 62224 Equihen-Plage, France
Erika 2 - 50840 Saint-Pierre-Eglise, France
Erika 3 - 83737 Irschenberg, Germany
Erika 4 - 3441 Flachberg, Austria
Airfields
I have been through all the existing ATAG missions (Cherbourg, Sealion, Fall Rot, Helfire Corner and Kanalkampf) and have identified the airfields from where the Ju 88, He 111 and Br.20 bombers fly. These aircraft are the only types that currently have this level of LW navigation systems. These will need locator beacons for the Lorenz system, allowing return paths from arbitrary locations and instrument landings using the
Lorenz-Instrumentenlandesystem.
Arras
Barly
Dieppe
Ligescourt
Rouen-Boos
St.Omer-Clairmarais
Theville
Tramecourt
Yvrench
Zutkerque
Other references
From my bookmarks and other sites I found during the searches, I have some other references which might be of interest to the enthusiasts.
http://www.cdvandt.org/navigational_aids.htm
http://www.cdvandt.org/Navigati.pdf
http://www.vectorsite.net/ttwiz.html
http://www.vectorsite.net/ttwiz_07.html
http://www.radarworld.org/radarwar.pdf
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Beams
http://www.deutschesatlantikwallarch...ermany/rd_.htm
http://www.nonstopsystems.com/radio/pdf-hell/
http://www.nonstopsystems.com/radio/...hrverf-300.pdf
http://www.nonstopsystems.com/radio/...ell-statns.htm
http://www.geocities.ws/pentagon/283...nickebein.html
http://www.cvni.net/radio/nsnl/nsnl1...l124ww2de.html
Nest step
The next thing I will do is assess the level of frequency coverage that we will need and consider the implementations that would be appropriate, based on the existing missions and some future possibilities. I will then determined an allocation set to match the recommendations that I made earlier. This will result in a comprehensive list, which I will post up next. Then, I can provide the "mission add-ins" for the the existing missions and some templates for anyone start to build a new mission.
Anyway, that's where I'm up to at the moment, and I feel it is important to let other comment at each step. So, if you have feedback, please let me know. S!
Bookmarks